====== LaTeX Plugin ====== ---- plugin ---- description: Renders inline LaTeX code author : Alexander Krause, Michael Boyle, Mark Lundeberg email : type : syntax, admin lastupdate : 2011-04-29 compatible : Anteater, Rincewind, Elenor of Tsort, !Hogfather, !Kaos depends : conflicts : similar : format, math, math2, jsmath, mimetex, mathjax tags : math, latex, formula downloadurl: https://github.com/fsi-hska/dokuwiki-plugin-latex/tarball/master bugtracker : https://github.com/fsi-hska/dokuwiki-plugin-latex/issues sourcerepo : https://github.com/fsi-hska/dokuwiki-plugin-latex screenshot_img : https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/6455316e7e1bfc0f89b3e4e7/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_screenshot.png ---- This plugin uses [[http://www.latex-project.org/|LaTeX]]+[[http://www.imagemagick.org/|ImageMagick]] to render mathematical formulae embedded within a DokuWiki page. This gives a professional look to equations, and the syntax allows almost copy-paste conversion between DokuWiki and LaTeX manuscripts. For example, you may simply type **''%%$ a + b = c $%%''** into your wiki code and it will automatically be shown as {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/6455318a2ac2f6292f56654b/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_a-b-c.png?recache|$ a + b = c $}}.((vertical alignment is a bit better in practice.)) ===== Installation ===== Search and install the plugin using the [[plugin:extension|Extension Manager]]. Refer to [[:Plugins]] on how to install plugins manually. :!: **External requirements:** This plugin requires the following software to be installed on the server hosting your wiki. If you do not have root access, contact your administrator.((or consider installing the simpler [[plugin:mimetex|MimeTeX plugin]] which requires no external software)) * A copy of **LaTeX** (preferably a recent version of TeXlive), which inclues both ''latex'' and ''dvips'' binaries. * **[[http://www.imagemagick.org/|ImageMagick]]**, which in turn requires... * **Ghostscript** :!: **This plugin will not work in PHP safe mode.** - unless your server administrator has specifically allowed access to the software this plugin needs. :!: This plugin does not work with PHP 7 and disables DokuWiki (blank screen) with an entry in error.log: ''%%PHP Fatal error: Class syntax_plugin_latex_common contains 1 abstract method and mu st therefore be declared abstract or implement the remaining methods (dokuwiki\\Extension\\SyntaxPlugin::handle)%%'' This can be fixed by adding the lines at the end of latexinc.php function handle($match, $state, $pos, Doku_Handler $handler){ return array(); } See: https://github.com/fsiwi-hka/dokuwiki-plugin-latex/pull/1/commits/02507d33bccded74e60143355aad7ca683011739 ==== Systems ==== Variously out-dated but quite in-depth installation instructions can be found [[http://wiki.erazor-zone.de/doku.php?id=wiki:projects:php:dokuwiki:plugins:latex|on E-razor's wiki]]. You might also consult the [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Enable_TeX|similar instructions for math in MediaWiki]] (but note that DokuWiki's plugin does not need ''texvc'', ''OCaml'', etc.). Here is a summary * **Ubuntu/Debian** (works: March 2011) apt-get install texlive-latex-base imagemagick ghostscript * **CentOS 5**(( http://www.wikidot.org/doc:centos-howto, http://www.barik.net/archive/2010/12/19/162449/)) yum install tetex tetex-fonts tetex-dvips tetex-latex ghostscript ImageMagick fmtutil-sys --all * **Fedora Core 3** yum install tetex-latex ImageMagick * **Archlinux** pacman -S texlive-most texlive-lang to install latex, read the latex article in the archwiki for more options * **Windows** (confirmed to work on Windows 7 with [[install:dokuwiki_on_a_stick|DokuWiki on a Stick]] --Mark April 29 2011) * Download and install the plugin. For some reason, plugin manager has troubles doing automatic installation on my machine. No mattery, just unpack it manually. * You will need to download a LaTeX installation ([[http://miktex.org/|MikTex]] works), and [[http://www.imagemagick.org/script/binary-releases.php#windows|ImageMagick]]. You will also need ghostscript, but this may already be provided by MikTex or some other software you have (some feedback here, anybody?). AndrewC: I needed to install GhostScript independently, as it did not come bundled with MikTex. * Make sure that the LaTeX and ImageMagick binaries are in the PATH variable (and restart your webserver to absorb the change), or use the plugin's configuration to set the full paths -- note that you will need quotes around filenames with spaces, such as ''%%"C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\latex"%%''. * The ImageMagick path must be at the beginning of the PATH variable, since the ''convert'' binary has the same name as a Microsoft-supplied program. * Should be good to go; give it a try! * **My own experience with Windows** --AndrewC, 17 March 2012 * Just thought I would share my own experiences with this plugin, perhaps save some headaches for anyone else with a similar setup. * My setup is: Windows 7 64-bit, [[http://www.aprelium.com/abyssws/download.php|Abyss Web Server X1]], DokuWiki full local installation, PHP 5.3.10 (installed using Aprelium's [[http://www.aprelium.com/abyssws/php5win.html|preconfigured PHP5 package]].) * I installed MikTex and ImageMagick, as Mark suggested above. I also needed to install GhostScript separately, as I mentioned it's not included with ImageMagick. * **VERY IMPORTANT:** I found out (the long way ;-)) that ImageMagick and GhostScript must both be 32- or 64-bit. You can't mix and match 32- and 64-bit installations. * I didn't have to add any of the paths to my environment variables; it's enough to just specify the full paths to the executables in the plugin configuration. * No extra configuration was required. Works like a charm! * **VERY IMPORTANT DETAIL for Windows users** --Noomen, 3 Nov 2015 * I have done all of the above and it still didn't work for me after days trying to fix this //'latex failed to render'// issue. What made it finally work, and I don't know why this very important detail was not mentioned above, is using **the correct path format** for the different latex executables used by this plugin. Here is how windows users should enter the path to the //'latex.exe'// executable for example (depending on the specific path in your case): "C:/Program Files (x86)/MiKTeX 2.9/miktex/bin/latex"that is using forward slash and **primary quotation marks** (these **"** not these **'**). * and by the way to enter/change those paths you do not have to edit the //'default.php'// file in the //'DokuWikiStick\dokuwiki\lib\plugins\latex\conf'// folder. In the version which I have, i.e. the '2015-08-10a "Detritus"' version, you can easily do that directly in the "configuration manager". I'm using DokuWikiStick and in this case the url to the config manager is: %%"http://localhost:8800/doku.php?id=start&do=admin&page=config"%%. * **ImageMagic setup for Windows users** --Liu620, 5/27/2018 * I have no idea about the history of ImageMagic, but ''identify'' and ''convert'' are not commands of ImageMagic-7.0.7; rather they are options for the ''magick'' command ImageMagic. * As a result, the setups for ''identify'' and ''convert'' should be ''magick identify'' and ''magick convert'', respectively. * **Windows portable version of ImageMagick (convert.exe and identify.exe)** --arthur, 8th June 2018 * After hours of struggle installing this on Windows 7, I found that downloading the **portable** version (ImageMagick-7.0.7-38-portable-Q16-x86.zip) of Imagemagick contains both identify.exe and convert.exe. Extracting this zip file and pointing to these files in the configuration path settings resolved this for me "C:/Program Files (x86)/ImageMagick-7.0.7-Q16/convert" ===== Examples ===== ^ wiki code ^ result ^ | ''%%$ a + b = c $%%'' | {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/6455318a2ac2f6292f56654b/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_a-b-c.png?recache|}} | | ''%%\begin{algorithm}[H] \KwData{this text} \KwResult{how to write algorithm with \LaTeX2e } initialization\; \While{not at end of this document}{ read current\; \eIf{understand}{ go to next section\; current section becomes this one\; }{ go back to the beginning of current section\; } } \caption{How to write algorithms} \end{algorithm}%%'' | {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/6455317d3b6c4882e32bcdca/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_i-m-latex.png?recache|}} it's not working properly! | | ''%%\begin{eqnarray*} & & \frac{3}{4 \pi} \sqrt{4 \cdot x^2 12}\\ & & \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}\\ & & {\it f}(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x} x^2}\\ & & e^{i \pi} + 1 = 0\; \end{eqnarray*}%%'' | {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/6455462f8c351a7f093aa035/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_e.png?recache|}} | | from [[http://www.ursoswald.ch/LaTeXGraphics/picture/picture.html|ursoswald.ch]]\\ \\ ''%%\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(93,46) \put( 0,14){\vector(1,0){60}} \put(61,13){$x$} \put(20,4){\vector(0,1){37}} \put(19,43){$y$} \put(50,34){\circle*{2}} \put(52,35){$P$} \multiput(20,34)(4,0){8}{\line(1,0){2}} \put(14.5,33.5){$y_P$} \multiput(50,14)(0,4){5}{\line(0,1){2}} \put(48,11){$x_P$} \put( 2,8){\vector(3,1){56}} \put(59,26.5){$x'$} \multiput(50,34)(1.9,-5.7){2} {\line(1,-3){1.2}} \put(52,22){$x_P'$} \multiput(50,34)(-5.8,-1.933){6} {\line(-3,-1){3.6}} \put(12,21){$y_P'$} \put(22,8){\vector(-1,3){10.5}} \put(10,41){$y'$} \end{picture}%%'' | {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/6455318470f8d8b23c938dee/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_d.png?recache|}} | ===== Syntax ===== The following syntax is recognized by the LaTeX plugin at the moment. For the most part, the recognized syntax is inserted as-is into a small LaTeX template (which can be changed in the [[plugin:config|Configuration Manager]]), then compiled: * ''$...$'' syntax is rendered in-line, just as in LaTeX * ''$$...$$'' syntax is rendered on its own line, just as in LaTeX * ''\begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath}'' syntax * ''\begin{eqnarray}...\end{eqnarray}'' syntax * ''\begin{eqnarray*}...\end{eqnarray*}'' syntax * ''\begin{equation}...\end{equation}'' syntax * ''\begin{equation*}...\end{equation*}'' syntax * Special: ''...'' syntax is rendered in-line in //non-math//-mode. This is useful to enter environments such as ''picture'', etc. ==== Caveats ==== * Although the numbered-equation styles are available, the numbers do not carry over between equations. You can hard code them by including a LaTeX command like ''\setcounter{equation}{5}'', which will reset the equation counter to start at 5. * The symbol %%$%% can no longer be used for currency, so use ''%%$%%'' instead in wiki text. * Certain words are blacklisted from being included in LaTeX code -- for example ''$ L_{\rm name} $'' will show as {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/645531764ee66864e9267908/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_latex-render-failed.png?recache&nolink|Fail: triggered security filter; contains blacklisted LaTeX tags.}} because "name" is blacklisted (I am not sure why, but I'm keeping the old blacklist just in case --Mark). The image title tag (tooltip) will indicate that this is the case, emulated here: {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/645531764ee66864e9267908/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_latex-render-failed.png?recache&nolink|Fail: triggered security filter; contains blacklisted LaTeX tags.}}. ===== Configuration/Settings ===== From the [[plugin:config|Configuration Manager]], you can modify the following settings: * Media namespace in which to store images (default is '':wiki:latex''). * Image type: default is ''png''. * Maximum allowed image size. * Maximum allowed length of LaTeX code (sort of a security filter). * Paths to ''latex'', ''dvips'', ''convert'', and ''identify'' programs. * Options to ''convert'' program, to control image size, transparency. * The LaTeX template used for each rendered block: add ''\usepackage{}'' statements here, change color, etc. * Please give an example as how and where to add ''\usepackage{}''. For example, add the ''algorithm2e'' package used in a previous example. Thanks a lot--Liu620, 5/27/2018. * Ok, got this figured out. For details see the next paragraph. Liu620, 5/28/2018. To use your favorite LaTex packages, you need to add them using ''\\usepackage{...}'' to the ''default.php'' file located in the ''...\dokuwiki\lib\plugins\latex\conf'' folder. You can put the "use package" statements any where in the block of existing "use package" statements. After adding ''\\usepackage{tikz}'' and ''\\usepackage{algorithm2e}'', drawings and algorithms produced using ''TikZ'' and ''algorithm2e'', respectively, all work nicely. Some other packages should work as well. ==== Admin plugin ==== There is an admin plugin included for ease in managing the LaTeX image cache, which can easily grow to thousands of equations in size. This can be accessed through the administration actions panel. The admin plugin also allows you to troubleshoot problems in the rendering process. ===== Troubleshooting ===== * If the plugin settings are incorrect (or you are missing some external software), you will see {{https://trello.com/1/cards/645531296a41b47b6960dce1/attachments/645531764ee66864e9267908/download/dokuwiki-plugin-latex_latex-render-failed.png?recache&nolink}} instead of the image. The image will have a tooltip (html ''title'' tag) indicating the particular error. * **Try a test run of your LaTeX installation** from the admin panel of the LaTeX plugin. Besides a tooltip, you will see information on: * Existence and versions of ''latex'', ''dvips'', ''convert'', and ''identify'' binaries. * The LaTeX file to be compiled. * The ouput (stdout/stderr) of all the commands used. * The ''.log'' file from LaTeX compilation. * This LaTeX plugin is similar in operation to the LaTeX plugins of other wiki software. Check the [[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Troubleshooting_math_display_errors|MediaWiki LaTeX troubleshooting guide]] for possible solutions, though note for example that the DokuWiki plugin does not use ''texvc''. * In php.ini "exec" should not appear in the disable_functions list ==== Specific issues ==== * Some ancient LaTeX installations may work only if you remove the ''inputenc'' package from the preamble, but this is not the preferred method since [[:utf-8|DokuWiki uses UTF-8]]. * ''**Missing latex.fmt**''. This is a bug found in CentOS 5, due to the packages failing to update the proper files. Quite confusingly, normal users are able to use LaTeX with no problems but all web-invoked LaTeX will fail (the ''apache'' user cannot write to its home directory ''/var/www/''.). You can either: * Run the following command as ''root''((http://www.barik.net/archive/2010/12/19/162449/)) fmtutil-sys --all or, if that does not work, * Run LaTeX as a normal user allowing LaTeX to generate its own ''latex.fmt'' in your home directory, then copy that ''latex.fmt'' into your temporary directory where the DokuWiki LaTeX plugin can find it.((http://cse.csusb.edu/turner/centos/mediawiki.php)) You can find the file at ''$HOME/.texmf-var/web2c/latex.fmt''. You may want to relocate the temporary folder to be inside your DokuWiki installation, so that ''latex.fmt'' is not wiped out by a temporary files cleaner. * ''**Invalid drive specification**''. This error appears in the troubleshooter's program versions test in Windows. The plugin attempts to call ''convert'' but it gets Microsoft's program rather than the ImageMagick one. Adjust your PATH environment variable or configure the plugin to use an absolute path. ===== Development ===== This plugin was originally written by [[http://wiki.erazor-zone.de/doku.php?id=wiki:projects:php:dokuwiki:plugins:latex|Alexander 'E-razor' Krause]] based on [[http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/tex.htm|class.latexrender.php]] by Benjamin Zeiss then [[http://wiki.erazor-zone.de/_media/wiki:projects:php:dokuwiki:plugins:latexrender_extended.zip|extended by Michael Boyle]], and is now [[https://github.com/marklundeberg/dokuwiki-plugin-latex/|maintained on github]] by Mark Lundeberg. * March 4 2011 - Mark Lundeberg * starting with Michael Boyle version (which enabled $...$, , \begin{displaymath}, \begin{eqnarray}, \begin{eqnarray*}) * changed inlines to have vertical-alignment:middle; (not perfect, but close) * changed big equations to have nicer CSS margins. * added DokuTexit render mode, following suggestion on [[http://wiki.erazor-zone.de/doku.php?id=wiki:projects:php:dokuwiki:plugins:latex|E-Razor's page]] * restructured files to share a common class * added several config options to config manager (paths of binaries, colour, formula size, image format) * added support for $$ ... $$ as in LaTeX, for displayed equations. * added support for \begin{equation} and \begin{equation*}. * uploaded the plugin here where other people can find it. * March 6 2011 * added admin page for cache wiping/cleaning. * binary paths now include options, as applicable. * added config options for preamble/postamble. * added config options for max formula sizes * added a minimal ODT render mode. * added informative tooltip text on images of failed renders. * March 9 2011 * added troubleshooter to admin panel * April 24 2011 * Changed image namespace to :wiki:latex (avoids polluting root namespace) * Changed temporaries to a media namespace: :wiki:latex:tmp (allows access to temporary files, through the wiki itself!) * April 28/29 2011 * Removed keep_tmp option and removed program options from configuration (only paths specified now). * Made compatible with Windows -- works with [[install:dokuwiki_on_a_stick|DokuWiki on a Stick]], MikTex, and ImageMagick official binaries, essentially out-of-the-box. ===== Discussion ===== ==== Local with MacTeX: LaTeX compilation failed ==== On OS X 10.8, I have a local and up to date DokuWiki installation, which works fine. Further, I have installed the latex plugin and a standard MacTeX (up to date) installation. LaTeX works fine when I compile the tex code provided the plugin. Using the latex plugin in DokuWiki instead produces "LaTeX render failed" with the hint "LaTeX compilation failed". Could you please give me a hand for making the plugin work? Christian Me too!! I have the same problem As a quick and dirty fix, try putting the absolute paths (the ones that show up when you type, e.g., ''which latex'') into the file dokuwiki/lib/plugins/latex/conf/default.php, e.g., * Old file $conf['latex_path'] = 'latex'; $conf['dvips_path'] = 'dvips'; $conf['convert_path'] = 'convert'; $conf['convert_options'] = '-density 120 -trim -transparent "#FFFFFF"'; $conf['identify_path'] = 'identify'; $conf['image_format'] = 'png'; $conf['latex_namespace'] = 'wiki:latex'; * New file $conf['latex_path'] = '/usr/texbin/latex'; $conf['dvips_path'] = '/opt/local/bin/dvips'; $conf['convert_path'] = '/opt/local/bin/convert'; $conf['convert_options'] = '-density 120 -trim -transparent "#FFFFFF"'; $conf['identify_path'] = '/opt/local/bin/identify'; $conf['image_format'] = 'png'; $conf['latex_namespace'] = 'wiki:latex'; ==== Misc ==== * Great! It works! Thanks for supporting me in installation. --- [[user>thuanle|thuanle]] //2011/03/11 16:26// ==== Control over the Images ==== If the embedded images are not perfectly aligned, you can gain more control by adding 'media_latex' to the class in syntax.php lines 91 and 96. After that create an style.css with 'img.media_latex{ ... }'. > I'm not sure if that applies for the current plugin (there's no syntax.php), and anyway there are already two CSS styles declared in ''plugins/latex/all.css'' : The first style ''img.latex_displayed'' is for equations on their own line such as ''$$ G(x) = 2 $$'', which have a slight indent. The second style ''img.latex_inline'' sets vertical alignment to middle for in-line latex such as ''$a + b = c$''. -Mark ==== Color settings ==== After installation, the default color is dark red. How to set the default color to black: Go to: Administration > Configuration Settings > Plugin Settings > Latex Plugin Settings > plugin-latex-preamble. Delete the following two lines: \definecolor{MyColour}{rgb}{0.50,0.00,0.00} {\color{MyColour} Click "Save", and you're done. ==== Dollar Signs ==== > Maybe a stupid question but how can I display the Dollars symbol ($) on the page ? The plugin replace all my $ by the message "Latex render failed" It's not very easy to use ''%%$%%'' ! >> Yes, that's an unfortunate side effect of the plugin. If you don't mind losing the $ a+b $ syntax entirely, you can delete ''plugins/latex/syntax/dollar.php''. Another way you could consider is to add a space to dollar.php line 14, changing the trigger pattern from $this->Lexer->addEntryPattern('\$(?=.*\$)',$mode,'plugin_latex_dollar'); to $this->Lexer->addEntryPattern('\$ (?=.*\$)',$mode,'plugin_latex_dollar'); That way, the plugin would only activate on text like "''the sum $ a+b $''" where the $ is followed by a space, and would not activate on text like "''projected total cost of $2000''". -Mark >>>Well, why don't you try %%%%? -Di === mask $*Dollar*$ as in /* comment */ plugin >>>Instead of a space add an ''*'' to the ''EntryPattern'' and the ''ExitPattern'' in ''dollar.php''. \\ 1. This is a very rare combination and \\ 2. it will work for all those languages which have a currency symbol after the ammount. E.g. in many european countries we are used to write 2.000,00$ \\ 3. It will not break all existing pages. \\ So change dolar.php to: $this->Lexer->addEntryPattern('\$\*(?=.*\$)',$mode,'plugin_latex_dollar'); and also add an ''*'' to the ExitPattern: function postConnect() { $this->Lexer->addExitPattern('\*\$','plugin_latex_dollar'); } The syntax will change to ''$* a + b = c *$'' which is close to the comment-plugin Syntax (''/%%%%* a comment *%%%%/''. And $2000, 2.000,00$ and a $ alone will work as before. \\ -TT, 2013-02-28 ==== ReadOnly-Access ==== > If i give the group @ALL an "Read"-Permission to read the page, they can access and read the normal Text...but the Latex-Image are not there! What to do? >> Solved! Need to give "Read"-Permission to "wiki:latex:*" ==== Toolbar buttons disappear ==== The DokuWiki toolbar buttons were not visible anymore after installation of the Latex plug-in (Using a fresh install with QuickPHP / Firefox12 / DokuWiki Angua / default template / default settings). As a solution, I disabled and then enabled the Latex plug-in (This does not "prove" that this plug-in is the actual cause). Can anybody confirm this? ==== Latex syntax in tables ==== Generally, latex does not work in a table. For example, | \begin{equation*} e=mc^2 \end{equation*} | results in: | \begin{equation*} e = mc^2 \end{equation*} | >> Strange, it works here! \\ -TT, 2013-02.28 ==== Not rendering Latex Code ==== Plugin does not render any latex code in dokuwiki pages, displays only the text as if not recognizing the syntax. No images in corresponding image folder. With admin tool everything is working fine. Found no error messages or anything. Any hints? See [[https://github.com/marklundeberg/dokuwiki-plugin-latex/issues/9|Latex Render Failure #9]] on the GitHub page of the plugin : permission problem with ImageMagick policies. "They can be set in /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml. In particular you should change the line to " ==== Converting to PDF ==== There are a few plugins to convert the pages to pdf, for example: https://www.dokuwiki.org/plugin:dw2pdf Unfortunately I am not able to see the latex formulas in the pdf document. Anyone have any idea how to fix this or know of a dokuwiki to pdf convert that acutally works with this latex plugin? >> dw2pdf does not seem to work with (some) transparent png images. Either try setting the imagetype in the laxtex config to jpg or if you want the png add ''-alpha remove'' to the convert options \\ -PT, 2015-02-22 >> An idea how to fix this (at least in Firefox, Linux of course): \\ add ''?do=export_html'' to the address line of your Firefox and press Enter. Then use ctrl+p to start the print dialog. Choose print to file + pdf and voilla, there it is a pdf export with all latex parts. \\ -TT, 2013-02-28 ==== Blacklist ==== It is mentioned above that some words are blacklisted and that the blacklist is kept "just in case". The presence of blacklisted words causes the error "Fail: triggered security filter; contains blacklisted LaTeX tags". Where can one find the blacklist? --- [[user>krichter|krichter]] //2014-08-13 14:43// === From class.latexrender.php === var $_latex_tags_blacklist = array( "include","def","command","loop","repeat","open","toks","output","input", "catcode","name","^^", "\\every","\\errhelp","\\errorstopmode","\\scrollmode","\\nonstopmode","\\batchmode", "\\read","\\write","csname","\\newhelp","\\uppercase", "\\lowercase","\\relax","\\aftergroup", "\\afterassignment","\\expandafter","\\noexpand","\\special" ); This would be my guess. --- //[[user>Chris_P|Chris_P]]// ==== Blacklist ==== Maintained (patched) version of this plugin can be found at [[plugin:latex-was]].